EDM basics
EDM is a method of directly processing electrical parts using electrical energy.
Processing principle: When the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode reach a certain distance in the insulator, a pulse discharge is formed, and a large amount of thermal energy is instantaneously generated in the discharge channel, so that the local metal of the workpiece is melted or even vaporized, and under the action of the discharge explosive force, The molten metal is thrown out to achieve the purpose of etching away the metal.
EDM equipment should consist of the following components:
1. Pulse power supply. The pulse power supply is a discharge-eliminating energy supply device that generates an electrical pulse having a sufficiently large energy density to be applied to the workpiece and the tool electrode to generate a pulse discharge.
2. Clearance automatic adjuster. In order for the pulse discharge between the workpiece and the tool electrode to proceed normally, it is necessary to maintain a certain gap. If the gap is too large, the working voltage will not penetrate the liquid medium; if the gap is too small, a short circuit will be formed and it will not be discharged. Therefore, it is necessary to automatically adjust the distance between the poles by using the gap automatic adjuster to adapt the feed speed of the tool electrode to the erosion rate.
3. Machine body. A mechanical system for clamping, fixing, and adjusting the relative positional accuracy of workpiece and tool electrodes.
4. Working fluid and its circulating filtration system. The spark discharge must be carried out in an insulating liquid medium. Otherwise, the liquid medium cannot be broken down to form a discharge channel, and the suspended metal particles and the cooling surface cannot be excluded.
There are many ways of EDM, and there are common molding, perforation, EDM, EDM and EDM.
(1) EDM machine tool
It mainly consists of a pulse power box, a working fluid tank and a machine body.
The machine body consists of a spindle head, a table, a bed and a column. Among them, the spindle head is a key component of the EDM machine tool, and it is integrated with the gap automatic adjustment device. The performance of the spindle head directly affects the machining accuracy and surface quality of the EDM.
The role of the table is to support and clamp the workpiece.
(2) EDM cutting machine tool
The electric spark cutting machine tool uses a moving wire (molybdenum wire or hard brass wire) as a tool electrode, and a pulse current is passed between the tool electrode and the workpiece electrode to cause electrical corrosion, and the workpiece is cut. Into the shape you need.
The CNC EDM machine consists of four parts: machine body, numerical control device, pulse power supply and working fluid circulation system. The coordinate table is composed of upper and lower two-layer carriages, and the long screws of the two-layer carriages are respectively driven by two stepping motors, and the workpiece mounting rack is mounted on the worktable.
(3) Characteristics of EDM
1. Processing hard, brittle, soft, tough, high melting point, high purity conductive materials;
2. No cutting force, can process thin-walled parts;
3. The processing is not affected by heat and improves the processing quality;
4. The parameters can be adjusted and different processing can be performed;
5. Direct use of electrical energy processing for easy automation.
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