People's Daily: Taxes are not enough to cover the burden of the company

Although a number of measures have been introduced at the central level to decentralize power and implement universal fee reductions, in some local fiscal revenues, non-tax revenues have increased substantially and remain high. This not only worsens the quality of fiscal revenue, but also imposes a heavy burden on enterprises. In particular, some irregular charges will become a breeding ground for corruption. Recently, our reporter conducted an investigation.
"The tax is not enough, the fee comes together." The proportion of non-tax in public finance income rises, and the burden of enterprises increases. "Public fiscal revenue mainly comes from taxation. However, under the downward pressure of the economy, non-tax revenues in some local fiscal revenues have risen significantly. The phenomenon of 'not enough tax, fee to make up' is worthy of vigilance.” Wang Chaocai, deputy director of the Finance Department of the Ministry of Finance, told reporters.
In the second half of last year, the Finance Department of the Ministry of Finance divided the roads to investigate the economic operation and fiscal revenue of 16 counties in 8 provinces across the country. The results show that in some local public revenues, the proportion of non-tax revenue has increased year after year, and the rate of increase in fees is significantly higher than the rate of tax revenue growth.
Take Shanxi Province as an example. In 2011, the province's tax revenue accounted for 71.9% of public finance revenue. In 2014, the proportion of tax revenue fell to 62.3%, and the proportion of non-tax revenue increased by 9.6%. In the past four years, the province's non-tax revenue has grown at an average annual rate of 25.4%, and the “big head” of public revenues has become smaller and smaller. Among them, although there is a one-time non-tax revenue factor, the proportion of non-tax revenue is rising from the trend.
Judging from the situation in the county, the phenomenon that the proportion of non-tax revenue in public finance is too high is also common. In 2014, the non-tax revenue of Xifeng County in Guizhou Province accounted for 19%, while the proportion of non-tax revenue in the first half of last year rose to 32.2%; Huishui County's non-tax revenue in 2014 accounted for 46.2%, almost with tax revenue. Sitting up and down, each accounted for half of the country. In the first half of last year, this situation has improved, and the non-tax ratio has fallen to 37.4%, but it is still significantly higher.
At present, the “books” of fiscal revenues in the provinces are being announced in succession. From the already announced regions, the problem of fiscal revenue structure is still outstanding, and non-tax revenues in some regions have grown rapidly, significantly exceeding the tax revenue increase. The data shows that Fujian tax revenue increased by 2.9%, non-tax revenue increased by 9.3%; Inner Mongolia tax revenue increased by 5.6%, non-tax revenue increased by 8.5%; Gansu tax revenue increased by 8.1%, non-tax revenue increased by 17.4% . From the current data, the only increase in tax revenue in Zhejiang, Guangdong and Shandong was 8.1%, 0.8% and 0.2% respectively.
The fiscal revenue is divided into two parts: tax revenue and non-tax income, and tax revenue should be the main body of fiscal revenue. Among the fiscal revenues of a place, if the proportion of tax revenue is high, it means that the local tax source is solid, the level of rule of law is high, and the ability of sustainable development is strong. On the other hand, it also shows that local administrative fees, fines and penalties are related to administrative power. Non-tax revenues are relatively low, and businesses and residents are less burdened.
Non-tax revenue mainly includes special income, administrative fees, fines and penalties, and other income. In some places, non-tax revenue growth is too fast and the proportion is too high, which means that the hidden burden of enterprises is aggravating, and the local investment environment will deteriorate. Non-tax revenues account for more than 20%, which should be highly valued by the government.
"In the case of economic downturn and weak tax revenue growth, it is necessary to prevent the abnormal growth of non-tax revenues to compensate for the lack of tax revenue growth." Wang Chaocai believes that fiscal revenue is closely related to the overall economic operation, not the government. How much you want to receive. In particular, the current difficulties in business and the increase in business pressure, the government has to do is to release water and fish, and to benefit the enterprise.

Unreasonable charges, disrupting market order and even becoming a breeding ground for corruption
"After the end of the year, various conferences, exhibitions, appraisals, and trainings are coming to the door. They are all looking for companies to ask for money. How can companies not participate?" The head of a packaging equipment company in Guangdong complained that they counted For a moment, there are dozens of charges in the year-to-end. In particular, some industry associations collect the membership fees. The “starting price” is tens of thousands of yuan. If you want to become a member of the association, you must pay hundreds of thousands a year. Yuan’s dues.
Not only industry associations, but also some compulsory monopoly of operating service charges and irrational phenomena are also prominent. In some places, various types of technical review, evaluation, evaluation, inspection, testing, forensic, and consulting before the administrative examination and approval, etc., there are many problems of intermediary service projects and high fees, and some places only provide administrative examination and approval services in the construction field. There are more than 20 items.
Some agencies engaged in intermediary services have interests and monopoly operations with government departments, which increase the burden on enterprises, disrupt market order, and even become a breeding ground for corruption. "A lot of review and evaluation, not to find an intermediary can not pass, as long as the intermediary money, all the problems are no longer a problem." Many companies said that such a situation has been encountered in the operation.
In addition to the additional burden of indiscriminate charging to enterprises, enterprises need to pay the "five insurance and one gold" and other fees as required, which also puts a lot of pressure on enterprises. “Five insurance and one gold” refers to the endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, work injury insurance, maternity insurance and provident fund of employees, which are mainly paid by enterprises and employees according to a certain proportion of wages. Among them, the pension insurance unit contribution rate is 20%, the unemployment insurance unit contribution rate is 2%, and the medical insurance unit contribution rate is 8%.
“The combination of 'five risks and one gold', the rate that enterprises need to pay exceeds 40%. Moreover, the cost of five-insurance and one-dollar increase in employees’ wages. Now that the market price is lower, the company has almost no profit, and the payment burden is so Heavy, really can not afford to eat." Zhejiang, a Ningbo lighter manufacturer, said that there is really no way, last year, enterprises spent millions of dollars to purchase automated production equipment, the implementation of "machine substitution."
Although some fees are legal, the fees are not so reasonable and are not in line with the actual situation. For example, the state stipulates that employers who arrange for the employment of disabled persons to reach the required proportions shall be fully covered by the amount of the difference, which is 1.5% of the number of employed employees.
“Gree’s employees are nearly 80,000 people. It is necessary to arrange thousands of disabled people to work in order to be exempted from the guarantee. Where can we go to find so many disabled people?” said Dong Mingzhu, chairman of Gree Electric (18.73, 0.42, 2.29%). If the disabled people are not enough, they will have to pay tens of millions of yuan per year for the employment security of disabled people. This is a heavy burden for labor-intensive enterprises.

Reduce institutional transaction costs, further reduce taxes and fees, and prevent "taxes are reduced, fees are up."
How to reduce the general cost reduction and truly reduce the burden on enterprises?
The Central Economic Work Conference proposed to reduce institutional transaction costs, transform government functions, simplify administration and decentralization, and further clean up and regulate intermediary services. It is necessary to reduce the burden of corporate taxes and fees, further reduce taxes and fees, clean up various unreasonable charges, create a fair tax environment, and study to reduce the manufacturing value-added tax rate. To reduce social insurance premiums, research and streamline the merger of "five risks and one gold."
“Improving the supply-side structural reform, the core is to reduce the institutional transaction costs of enterprises, including administrative fees from the government, service fees for intermediaries, and social insurance premiums.” Hu Yijian, dean of the Institute of Public Policy and Governance at Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, believes that In addition to unreasonable charges, there are still many institutional manifestations. This requires further transformation of government functions, increased efforts to simplify administration and decentralization, and create a more relaxed business environment for enterprises. In this way, it will be easier for companies to do things, and the motivation for entrepreneurial innovation will be more sufficient.
"In recent years, the state has made great efforts in structural tax reduction, but at the same time as tax reduction, it is necessary to implement universal fee reduction. In particular, the prevention of taxes and fees will be reduced, the tax will be reduced, and the fees will be raised. Hu Yijian pointed out that only by clearing unnecessary charges can the government be forced to reach out to enterprises and effectively reduce the cost of enterprises.
Appropriate reduction of social insurance rates is also an important measure for enterprises to reduce costs and reduce costs, which is conducive to stable growth and employment. Last year, the state has lowered the rates of three insurance products in the “five insurances” of social security.
From March 1, 2015, China's unemployment insurance rate has dropped from 2% previously specified to 2%. This alone can reduce the burden on enterprises and employees by about 40 billion yuan per year. In June, the State Council executive meeting decided to reduce the average rate of industrial injury insurance from 1% to 0.75% from October 1 on the basis of lowering the unemployment insurance rate, and refine the benchmark rate according to the degree of industry risk. Grade, according to the incidence of work injury to the unit (enterprise) appropriate up or down rate; the maternity insurance rate from not more than 1% to not more than 0.5%; work injury insurance and maternity insurance funds over the reasonable balance of the area should be lowered Rate. The implementation of the above policy is expected to reduce the burden on enterprises by about 27 billion yuan each year.
Bai Zhongen, deputy dean of the School of Economics and Management of Tsinghua University, believes that appropriate reduction of social security contributions and the use of state-owned capital to supplement endowment insurance can effectively reduce the cost of enterprises without affecting the normal operation of social security, which is conducive to enterprises to go into battle and further enhance competition. Force and stimulate market vitality.

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