Frequent fires, the standardization of the insulation material industry is imminent

In recent years, fire accidents caused by external wall thermal insulation materials have become more frequent. How to improve the fire protection performance of external wall thermal insulation materials and how to safely apply external wall thermal insulation materials have become a matter of concern. Experts believe that by standardizing the rational use of external wall insulation materials and raising safety awareness, it is possible to eliminate hidden dangers in building fires.

At present, domestic new construction uses a lot of organic exterior wall insulation materials, such as molded polystyrene board, extruded polystyrene board and on-site foamed polyurethane. In terms of thermal insulation performance, they are indeed superior to inorganic thermal insulation materials, but in terms of material properties, they have a low ignition point and are flammable. If a large number of such flammable insulation materials are wrapped around a building's external walls, it is bound to give Leave fire hazards. Therefore, the relevant departments must strengthen the fire control of such buildings and increase the public’s scientific understanding of these materials so that scientific prevention can be achieved.

How to improve the safety of external wall insulation materials?

In order to overcome the flammable defects of organic materials and improve the safety of external wall thermal insulation materials, it is necessary to add flame retardants to organic materials. Although combustion is unavoidable, it can delay the spread of flames and make them reach as much as possible. Flame retardant, flame retardant effect.

Inorganic insulation materials also have their limitations, such as relatively poor thermal insulation properties and strong water absorption. Because of the problems of improving the overall technical performance and controlling the cost, it is difficult for the inorganic heat-insulating materials to have non-absorbent water, moderate strength, and good thermal insulation performance, and the cost is high. At present, the price of inorganic insulation materials is generally 1700-1800 yuan per cubic meter, and large-scale procurement can be reduced to 1,500 yuan per cubic meter. From the realistic point of view, it is impossible for people to completely negate their use in buildings because some wall insulation materials are flammable. The key lies in the standardized use. If daily protection is in place and fire fighting measures are in place, the vast majority of fires caused by insulation materials are completely preventable.

How to conduct effective fire hazard investigation?

For existing buildings that use external wall insulation materials, fire hazard investigation must be conducted. The first is to inspect the construction in progress in 6 aspects. Design drawings stipulate whether the fire protection performance of the insulation material is implemented; whether the implementation of the procurement contract and the audited plan has been changed; enter the site for testing to determine whether the fire performance is up to standard; whether the site stacking is effectively isolated from the fire source; insulation construction and other hot work Whether the construction process such as welding is staggered, and be clearly defined in the construction documents and supervision documents; whether there is a firefighting appliance or an effective water source at the construction site. Second, the following four-step inspections can be performed on the existing buildings: The first step is to check if the core insulation material itself is a flammable material, the original design specifications and related inspection reports, etc.; the second step is to check whether the insulation layer falls off. And the surface layer peeling phenomenon, to avoid exposure of the insulation layer; the third step is to check whether there is a temporary illegal construction or fire source outside the perimeter of the fire wall; the fourth step is to check whether there is targeted construction of fat-reducing and external wall insulation. The correct use of materials and protective measures.

As far as the fire protection specifications for civil buildings are concerned, there are mainly three standards: "Fire Protection Code for Building Design", "Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings" and "Code for Residential Buildings". The above standards are all stipulated for the fire resistance rating of the building, the corresponding number of floors, area, fire separation, safety evacuation, building construction, smoke prevention, smoke extraction and ventilation air conditioning, firefighting water supply, fire extinguishing equipment, electrical and firefighting access. Satisfying these architectural design requirements can reduce fire hazards and reduce damage to a certain extent. In addition, from the classification of combustion performance, there are non-combustible materials (Grade A), non-flammable materials (Grade B), combustible materials (Grade B2), and the like.

However, it must be made clear that these standards alone are not enough, and the fire protection code is only one of the safeguard measures for fire prevention. The most important thing in building fire protection is to be as non-flammable as possible, not to be flammable, to be able to control the fire, and to be able to escape without control. Judging from the standard itself, some technical indicators have also been further revised. Li Gang believes that as managers, the use of wall organic insulation materials also need three responsibilities "in place." First of all, quality is in place. Material selection must meet the requirements of fire protection design, meet the fire resistance rating and fire protection standards, and must not be vague. Secondly, the supervision must be in place. Each department must bear its responsibility to ensure good links, and no supervision gap can occur. The construction is in place, and preventive measures, protective measures, and safety measures are implemented at all levels. Responsibility to people must not be relaxed. Today, the vast majority of safety accidents are caused by irregular behavior in the construction process. Relevant person in charge must ensure that the construction site of the insulation material must be separated from the fire source, and fire-fighting appliances should be fully equipped.

The building fire prevention and management standard also cures the building using external wall insulation materials. How to prevent fire to the maximum extent?

First, the parties concerned should instill in the public the awareness of fire prevention and learn more about scientific fire prevention knowledge in order to face the fire. For example, always pay attention to whether the fire hydrant in the building can supply water normally, whether the emergency lighting is used, whether the escape passage is occupied, whether the fire door at the fire staircase is damaged, and if any problems are reported to the relevant departments in a timely manner. On the issue of fire prevention, we must raise awareness of anti-interest, starting from small things, starting from the side, and starting from ourselves.

Second, for the design of the building itself, the relevant provisions of fire prevention must be put in place. For flammable building materials, such as organic foam materials, fire protection structures and external protection work must be done to ensure that the building materials have enough fire-resistant time. Researchers in architectural design must consider transposing from the most unfavorable point of view and do so in accordance with the best fireproof effects.

Third, in the construction process, actively improve the quality of workers, and strengthen the project-related management, including material storage, operation and other details, must be standardized. For example, after the building is completed, the insulation is trapped in non-combustible building materials. At this time, they are no longer dangerous, but the most fear is that they are allowed to open holes on the outer wall and expose the insulation layer sealed inside. come out. The most common is the opening of the air conditioner, especially in the new community. Almost every family will encounter such a problem. If it is not standardized, it is equivalent to burying a “fuse” around it! Therefore, it is necessary for the residents to air To find a professional team, to form a regular operation in the construction, after the hole is made, when the skin should be repaired when the outer wall is good, otherwise it is easy to seep and expose the insulation layer, leaving fire hazards for the building.