Five misunderstandings of fertilizer application

One of the misunderstandings: calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizers for topdressing. Calcium, magnesium and phosphate fertilizers are not easy to dissolve in water, and the fertilizer efficiency is slow, so it is not suitable for top dressing. Especially in the mid-term of crop growth, the topdressing is low, and the utilization rate is low. The correct application method is: calcium, magnesium, and phosphate fertilizer can only be used as a base fertilizer and organic fertilizer, or as a seed fertilizer.
Misunderstanding 2: Urea, ammonium bicarbonate and other nitrogen fertilizers are applied shallowly, applied or applied at too high a concentration. Urea is an amide nitrogen fertilizer with high nitrogen content. After being applied to the soil, it is directly absorbed and utilized by plants. Most of it must be decomposed by microorganisms to be converted into ammonium nitrogen to be absorbed and utilized by crops. The nature of ammonium bicarbonate is unstable. If the surface is shallow and the utilization rate is low, and the nitrogen fertilizer is applied in a shallow amount, the concentration is too high, and the ammonia gas volatilized will smother the stems and leaves of the crop and cause fat damage. The correct application method is: nitrogen fertilizer for topdressing should be applied by ditching or hole application, the depth is 5~10cm, and the soil is covered after application. For foliar fertilizer application, the concentration should be well controlled. Wheat, rice, cotton, corn, etc. should be 0.8% to 1%: the spraying concentration of vegetables should be low.
Misunderstanding 3: Direct dressing of superphosphate. Superphosphate contains 3.5% to 5% of free acid, which is highly corrosive. Direct seed dressing will reduce the germination rate and emergence rate of seeds. The correct application method is as follows: the top dressing should be carried out. When planting fertilizer, it should be applied to the bottom or side of the seed 5 to 6 cm, and the soil should be separated from the seed by soil.
Misunderstanding 4: Mixed application of zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer. Due to the serious "sputum effect" between zinc and phosphorus, if zinc sulphate is mixed with superphosphate, the effect of zinc sulphate will be reduced. The correct application method is: zinc fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer should be applied separately, respectively, as base fertilizer and seed fertilizer application, which can improve the fertilizer efficiency of phosphorus and zinc fertilizer.
Misunderstanding 5: Cool water dissolves borax for foliar application. When the borax is dissolved in cold water, the borax will soon appear to "recrystallize" and lose its fertilizer effect. Correct application method: first put the borax into the thermos bottle, add water to dissolve, cover the bottle stopper to the field, and then add cold water to the required concentration, which can greatly improve the effect.
Huaxian Liu Huimin

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