Directed cabbage scientific fertilization guidance
1. Problems in fertilization and fertilization principles The application rates of organic fertilizers in different fields in the production of sweet potato are quite different. The phenomenon of blind application of nitrogen fertilizer is serious, and the application of potassium fertilizer is insufficient. The phenomenon of “heavy elements, light and medium elements†is common. The application period and method are unreasonable, and excessive irrigation causes problems such as water and fertilizer waste. The following fertilization principles are proposed:
(1) Rational application of organic fertilizer, organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application, the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should follow the principles of nitrogen control, phosphorus stabilization and potassium increase;
(2) The distribution of fertilizers is mainly based on base and chasing; the topdressing is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, and the potassium fertilizer is rationally combined;
(3) Pay attention to proper application of trace elements such as calcium and boron during the rosette period to the end of the ball to prevent the occurrence of diseases such as “dry heartburnâ€;
(4) When the acidification of vegetables is serious, an appropriate amount of acidic soil conditioner such as lime should be applied;
(5) Combine with high-yield cultivation techniques, especially water-saving irrigation technology, to give full play to the coupling effect of water and fertilizer and improve fertilizer utilization.
2. Fertilization amount and method (1) Base fertilizer application of high-quality farmyard manure 2 square meters/mu.
(2) The production level is above 6500 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 18-20 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 8-10 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 12-14 kg/mu.
(3) The production level is 5,500-6,500 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 15 to 18 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 6 to 8 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 10 to 12 kg/mu.
(4) The production level is 4500-5500 kg/mu: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 13-15 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 4-6 kg/mu, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 8-10 kg/mu.
For the plots where the "dry heartburn" occurred in previous years, pay attention to the control of nitrogen and calcium. It can be sprayed with 0.3%-0.5% CaCl2 solution or calcium nitrate solution 2~3 times from the rosette stage to the late stage of the ball-forming period; When the soil pH of the vegetable garden is less than 5, 100-150 kg of quicklime is applied per acre; when the soil pH is <4.5, the quicklime (appropriately applied before the preparation of the ground) is required to be 150-200 kg per acre. For the boron-deficient plots, the borax may be applied 0.5 to 1 kg/mu, or the borax solution of 0.2% to 0.3% may be sprayed 2 to 3 times. At the same time, it can be sprayed with spraying 2 to 3 times of 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate to increase the vegetable yield and commercial rate of cabbage. Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers are 30% to 40%, and 60% to 70% are applied in the rosette stage and the early stage of the ball. The phosphate fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer or the hole.
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