Clinical symptoms and prevention measures of brucellosis in pigs
Porcine brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by Brucella breve, which is characterized by abortion, metritis (sow) and orchitis, epididymitis (boar), and is referred to as "cloth disease".
Pathogen
B. burgdorferi is a pathogen causing brucellosis in pigs. It is a small bacterium of the genus Brevibacterium, which is non-motility, does not form capsules and spores, is negative when Gram stains, and is red after staining. B. burgdorferi has a strong resistance to the environment, but its resistance to disinfectants is poor, and general disinfectants can kill them in a matter of minutes.
2. Popular features
The brucellosis of pigs is endemic, with no obvious seasonality. Diseased animals and carrier animals are the source of infection. Mainly through the digestive tract infection, can also be infected through the reproductive tract, skin and mucous membranes, blood-sucking insects can spread the disease. The incubation period varies from one to two, and the elders can reach half a year.
3. Clinical symptoms
Most of the pigs infected with this disease are recessive, and only a few pigs show clinical symptoms.
Pregnancy sow abortion occurs 30 to 50 days after pregnancy or 80 to 110 days; before abortion, it shows depression, loss of appetite, restlessness, swelling of the labia and breasts, flushing of the vagina, edema, vaginal discharge or gray-red-brown mucus Or mucopurulent discharge, abortion occurs soon, abortion fetuses are mostly stillbirth or weak fetus, died 1 to 2 days after birth.
Boars develop orchitis or epididymitis, fever, burnout, etc., then, testicular swelling, inflammatory reaction, heat pain, as the disease worsens, the testicle continues to enlarge, if only one side of the testicular disease, Then the testicular atrophy on the disease-free side, with the prolongation of the disease course, the testicular of the boar is atrophied and cannot be bred.
Whether it is a boar or a sow, there are hind limbs in the course of the disease, joint swelling, and even paralysis (rare).
4. Pathological changes
At the time of necropsy, the inguinal lymph nodes, submandibular lymph nodes, and breast lymph nodes were swollen, and the cut surface was juicy, sometimes with abscess or gray-yellow necrosis. After the abortion of the sow, the uterine mucosa often presents with purulent or catarrhal inflammation, and the placenta is congested; the testicular and epididymis of the boar appear purulent or necrotizing, and the later lesions are mechanized or calcified. In addition, abscesses occur in organs such as the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen.
5. Diagnosis
According to epidemiology, clinical symptoms, etc., the initial diagnosis can be carried out, but the patients with invisible poisoning should be combined with laboratory tests (such as: smear smear, separation culture, serum agglutination reaction and allergy) for comprehensive diagnosis. .
6. Prevention
(1) Prevention Adhere to self-propagation and self-support, and do not introduce breeding pigs from infected areas. The introduced breeding pigs should be isolated and observed to ensure that they can be reared in groups. In addition, daily disinfection work should be strengthened, and pigs should be vaccinated. Once the epidemic is detected, it should be isolated immediately. Therefore, the disease belongs to zoonotic diseases, so the breeding staff must do their own protection work.
(2) Treatment Because brucellosis is a chronic infection, and abortion and orchitis are the main symptoms, combined with Brucella's therapeutic effect on chemical drugs is not obvious, so it should be eliminated once found. In addition, gentamicin, kanamycin, ampicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, etc. have a certain effect on this disease, but the effect is slow.
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