What kind of harm will firefighters cause due to excessive physical training?

China is one of the countries with the most severe natural disasters in the world. Among them, water and drought disasters are particularly prominent. In addition to fire and other fire-fighting tasks, firefighters are required to be in readiness at any time and place. Therefore, the physical training time of firefighters is relatively concentrated and short. The intensity of training during the time will often cause damage to the firefighter's body.

Reasonable physical fitness helps reduce firefighters' rescue of casualties

When natural disasters, large-scale fires, etc. require long-term rescue, the firefighters’ energy supply is mainly based on aerobic energy supply. The longer it takes, the greater the physical exertion, the easier it is for firefighters to collapse and faint. Firefighters only have good functional reserves to adapt to long-term rescue missions that are difficult to rescue, while protecting their physical and mental safety and health.

According to the NFPA (American Fire Protection Association) , the firefighters have a fast load with an ambient temperature of 50 °C . Once the load exceeds 5 minutes, the systolic pressure will reach 190 mmHg. At the same temperature, when there is load but no running, the systolic blood pressure is only 120 mmHg. Obviously, in addition to external loads, firefighters must maintain a proper internal weight load in order to reduce excessive energy consumption and reduce the risk of fire hazards.

According to NFPA statistics, 50 % of deaths among professional firefighters in the United States die from heart-related diseases, and excessive body fat percentages can easily lead to related diseases. It can be seen that a reasonable physical form can help reduce the number of firefighters' rescue casualties in a certain range.

What injuries are caused by physical training?

The injuries caused to physical firefighters are mainly reflected in four aspects:

(1) Small trauma is more serious than severe trauma. Sports injuries are mostly minor injuries. After injury, they can often continue to participate in training. However, there are relatively few people who need to stop training or even hospitalization. However, the prevention of small injuries cannot be neglected. Many chronic injuries are often caused by the incomplete healing of acute injuries.

(2) Soft tissue injury was more than other injury. The incidence of soft tissue injury was the highest, followed by bone and joint damage, and the incidence of organ injury was the lowest. However, this does not mean that prevention of organ damage can be ignored. Although the incidence of organ damage is low, the consequences are often extremely severe.

(3) chronic injury than acute injury studies have shown that many small chronic injury due to improper handling after a single acute injury, premature training evolved, most of it is due to improper arrangements physical activity, local fatigue, many The overwork damage that gradually accumulates as a result of micro -damage, such as "end-stage disease" that occurs at the site of the tendon, patella osteomalacia at the site of articular cartilage, fatigued periostitis at the lower extremity, and fatigue fracture.

(4) Sports injuries often involve specific parts, such as firefighters tending to pull the back muscles of the thigh through obstacles, bomb training tends to cause fracture of the patella, and long-distance running training is prone to fatigue periostitis and fractures.

How do fire fighters maintain a good physical fitness?

The successful completion of the fire task can not be separated from a good forearm, hand muscle strength and back muscle strength, such as holding a fire squirt gun continuous operations, climbing buildings and back rescue aid victims. Good leg strength is necessary for climbing stairs and climbing obstacles. In the event of an emergency, firefighters are required to have good speed endurance and short-distance sprinting capabilities. Sensitive I quality is particularly important in the firefighter's timely change of position in the fire. The improvement of joint flexibility is not only conducive to the enhancement of muscle strength and speed of the body, but also conducive to the rational use of muscles in the exercise process to relax and fully utilize muscle energy, but also to prevent muscle spasms and muscle soreness. Therefore, good flexibility can effectively prevent or reduce occupational injuries. In addition, the physical coordination of firefighters, the agility of technical actions, etc. also affect the ability to successfully complete the rescue mission.

1 , scientific training

Combining the characteristics of the season, scientifically arrange the training plan, flexibly intersperse the allocation of training courses, and strictly organize and implement. The new firefighters have uneven physical conditions. In uniform training, they must not ignore preparatory activities before training to warm up the various parts of the body and open the activities. This can effectively avoid training injuries. When arranging the amount of exercise, it must be gradual, that is, small amount of exercise. At the beginning, gradually increasing, individual training for differentiating the amount of exercise can also be performed according to the group; training subjects should be scientifically matched and cannot be duplicated in a single way; the training intensity should be reasonably adjusted and cannot be too large; must not be eager to achieve success, blindly increase the amount of exercise, but also Avoid simple, casual and punitive training. After the training, you should do more relaxation activities to relieve muscle spasms and reduce fatigue after training.

2 , work and rest

After increasing the amount of exercise, give firefighters enough time to rest and rejuvenate their physical strength to prevent excessive fatigue and limb injuries. It is forbidden to suddenly increase the amount of running or jumping during training, and do not exercise excessively on hard ground. This can reduce damage to the lower extremities. It is necessary to constantly develop the knowledge and education of physical functions and physical training to prevent accidents, so that firefighters can firmly establish their awareness of safety training. The trainees must master the physical and psychological characteristics of the firefighters, pay attention to the emergence of signs of accidents, do a good job of psychological counseling, and help eliminate and overcome fear. And guide them to learn self-control, self-regulation, and strengthen their psychological adaptability and self-control ability. To prevent the occurrence of physical training accidents.

3 , reasonable nutrition.

A comprehensive and adequate diet is the material basis for the quality of firefighter training. Firefighters have high training intensity and consume a lot of energy. If the missing nutrients cannot be replenished in time, it is also an important factor in inducing fatigue fractures. Physical fitness training. It is necessary to scientifically arrange the training load and adjust the ratio of training intensity, density, and time. It is necessary to properly conduct high-intensity training, but also to pay attention to gradual and orderly progress. In particular, it is necessary to collaborate with the content of training and the part to which the training load is assigned. Every time a training program is added, the load-intensifying site must be adjusted to prevent the body from suffering from fatigue of patella. Excessive concentration and overload, training injuries occur. At the same time, firefighters should pay attention to the recovery of the sacrum after physical training. All kinds of methods to eliminate fatigue should be adopted, such as massage, steam bath, external counterpulsation, acupuncture, physiotherapy, etc., especially when drinking more water, it is best to supplement electrolytes. Low sugar sports drink.

4 , early investigation

Medical staff need to follow the company of the deep person and control the number of training with injuries. It is found that the number of leg pain patients in training is increasing. On the one hand, it is necessary to promptly propose to reduce the training intensity or adjust the plan. On the other hand, it should be carefully checked. According to different conditions, stop training should be conducted separately. Or further diagnose treatment treatment.

This article is edited and compiled by China Rescue Equipment Network. Please indicate the link.