What are the advantages and disadvantages of fuel cells over lithium-ion batteries?

To compare advantages and disadvantages, the premise is that under the same application purpose.

First, the fuel cell and the lithium battery are different and the same as the object, and then the advantages and disadvantages can be compared for different applications.

Different @ working mode: fuel cell input chemical energy, output electrical energy; lithium battery input electrical energy, output electrical energy. Therefore, the fuel cell is an energy conversion device, and the lithium battery is an energy storage (electric energy) device.

The same @discharge principle: When the fuel cell and the lithium battery output electric energy, it is not a heat engine process, but an isothermal adiabatic electrochemical power source process, so the efficiency is high.

Advantage@

1. When the boundary is a human society on the earth, the significance of future energy structure adjustment, fuel cell>Lithium battery: How to improve from fossil energy in the one or two hundred years after fossil energy accounts for most of the primary energy share The efficiency of the useful work of the consumer terminal, and how to shield the specific useful work form from the determination of the primary energy structure, the key is the transformation of energy conversion devices (people easily analogize to the meaning of the industrial revolutionary steam engine), and the role of energy storage devices is often It is to optimize the efficiency of energy utilization.

2. When the boundary is a vehicle, especially a car on the ground, the fuel cell drive is more likely than the lithium battery drive to become a similar automobile industry today: energy recovery within 3 minutes, driving range exceeds 400 kilometers. Chemical reactions require oxidants, reducing agents (commonly known as fuels) and reaction sites. Fuel cell vehicles need only carry two types: fuel and reaction sites - fuel cells; while lithium-ion batteries require three types of oxidants and reductions in lithium batteries. The storage distance of the agent is very close (currently a diaphragm with a thickness of 100 micrometers). Even if it is not working, it has self-discharge. In addition, the lithium battery is shallow and shallow for the life cycle, that is, the oil cannot be used like a conventional automobile every cycle. Fill up the oil, so the theoretical driving range of the actual use will be halved. This is the current fuel cell vehicle's effective driving range can reach more than 600 kilometers, while the lithium battery car effective driving range is generally less than 100. Fuel cell vehicles are similar to natural gas internal combustion engines. The reaction site and fuel can be physically isolated. The fuel filling is actually a physical process. How fast can be faster? As long as the economy feels up, the lithium battery car energy recovery is the charging process. The electrolysis reaction needs to be controlled or there will be a side reaction, and the fuel filling speed is limited by the degree of technological progress.

insufficient@

1. When the boundary is a portable electronic device, the fuel cell is more difficult to simplify the system integration than the already fully integrated lithium battery or other kinds of secondary batteries due to the separation of the oxidant, the reducing agent and the reaction site;

2. When the boundary is an uninterrupted backup of the power grid, the 2 ns electronic equipment requires that it is almost impossible for the fuel cell to send the separated oxidant and reducing agent to the battery;

Degree of industrialization: Fuel cells do not currently have a product manufacturing industry; and lithium batteries have formed mass production for on-site power supplies for portable electronic devices. However, for the automobile, neither of them has formed a product manufacturing industry. The common technical difficulty lies in how the electrochemical reaction adapts to the large dynamic demand of the inductive load of the motor.

It is easy to be confused: Lithium battery cars, because of the existing lithium battery industry, will be easier to replace the history of internal combustion engines than fuel cell vehicles. The fallacy of reason: product development is based on customer needs. I have not heard that the internal combustion engine for lawn mower can achieve the internal combustion engine through upgrading. Experience: battery car, since 1900, lithium battery has been It is the fourth wave, and it seems that it will not succeed in this 10 years. This is a very difficult thing.

The most embarrassing saying: fuel cell engine + lithium battery to form electric hybrid drive car, can 1) increase efficiency 2 times; 2) zero emissions of vehicles; 3) life and cost are easy to achieve; 4) get rid of car on crude oil resources Single dependence.