Study on the application of compound enzyme preparation for pigs
A large number of studies have found that the addition of complex enzyme preparations can eliminate the harmful effects of anti-nutritional factors and toxins, improve animal digestibility and utilization of feed, improve animal performance, reduce nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in animal waste, and reduce Cost, improve animal immunity, and promote the health of livestock and poultry. Due to its high efficiency, no residue, no toxic side effects, the enzyme preparation is widely used as a nutritional supplement regulating additive for pig intestinal. However, the pig-specific compound enzyme should be designed and used reasonably in combination with the digestive physiology characteristics of the pig and the composition of the diet.
1. Digestive physiology of piglets
The digestive, metabolic, and immune changes in piglets within a few weeks of birth are rapid. The activity of lactase and the enzymes involved in the digestion of carbohydrates in breast milk reached a peak at 2-3 weeks after birth and then decreased rapidly. In contrast, the activities of amylase and digestive starch and carbohydrate-related enzymes are very low at birth and then gradually increase. Digestive enzymes such as pepsin and pancreatic amylase can reach a relatively high level after 7 weeks of age. Therefore, the development of enzymes in the digestive tract of piglets is incomplete and the digestion ability is weak. In production, it often leads to nutritional stress response and early weaning syndrome in piglets, especially weaning stress, which may cause the decrease of digestive enzyme activities such as trypsin and amylase. Causes digestive disorders and even diarrhea (Lindemann, 1986; Cera, 1990; Jensen, 1997). All along, people have done a lot of work to solve the nutritional stress of piglets, and also explored a variety of methods and approaches. The addition of exogenous enzyme preparations can make up for the lack of enzyme secretion caused by immature digestive system development of piglets and reduce the risk of weaning stress. influences.
2. Design principle of pig compound enzyme
Companies with general enzyme preparations design the corresponding enzyme preparations according to the type of animal and the characteristics of the diet. Therefore, different kinds of enzyme preparations such as a special enzyme preparation for piglets, a special enzyme preparation for large and medium pigs, and an enzyme preparation for suckling pigs have appeared on the market. The design of each company will have its own characteristics and basis. The design of the pig-specific compound enzyme preparation (Covide enzyme) of the branch is based on the physiological stage, seasonal characteristics, feed processing method and feed material substrate to design the corresponding enzyme preparation. And the first to recommend the "best cost-effective enzyme preparation solution."
2.1 Physiological stage: Due to the imperfect development of intestinal digestive enzymes, the demand for protein and polysaccharide is relatively strong. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance the enzyme activity and yield of proteases and amylases, and at the same time to compound high-activity xylanase, glucanase and galactosidase. Considering the acid-base environment of the digestive tract of piglets, proteases are often compounded by neutral proteases and acid proteases. Such enzyme preparations are mainly used to supplement the deficiency of endogenous enzymes in animals. Although the digestive system is relatively well developed in growing pigs, due to the use of unconventional raw materials and the pursuit of high production performance, NSP polysaccharides mainly composed of xylanase and cellulose are often added, and the raw materials are recovered according to the raw materials. Enzymes such as glucanase, pectinase, protease and amylase.
2.2 Seasonal characteristics: For example, the amount of drinking water in summer pigs will increase significantly, so the concentration of digestive enzymes in the digestive tract will decrease. Therefore, the concentration of compound enzymes for general feeding in summer will be strengthened. In addition, the southern part of the summer is often hot and humid, and the temperature of feed processing and granulation is higher than other seasons. It is also necessary to increase the concentration of various single enzymes in the complex enzyme to ensure the use effect. In the late summer and early autumn, due to the large moisture content of the new feed ingredients, and the post-ripening period has not yet been completed, the temperature change will cause the pig's dilute feces, so this season will also be exogenous digestive enzymes and some non- Starch polysaccharide enzyme is fortified.
2.3 Feed processing methods: Due to the differences in the sources of enzyme-producing strains, the heat resistance of various single enzymes will vary greatly, and production costs will also vary. Considering the different ways of processing the feed, it is necessary to select a single-enzyme compound with high temperature resistance in the granulating material.
2.4 Feed raw material substrate: The enzyme preparation has substrate specificity. If you want to use the enzyme preparation to exert the best effect, as long as the feed formula, the formula of the composite enzyme will be designed according to the raw material condition to truly play various single enzymes. Effectiveness. Therefore, the “Best Cost-Effective Enzyme Preparation Solution†promoted by the company is highly recognized by customers and will guide the development of refined formulas of enzyme preparations.
3. Anti-nutritional factors of pig feed ingredients
Corn-soybean-type diets are traditional gold diets, but there are protease inhibitors, plant lectins, tannins, and non-starch polysaccharides (such as arabinoxylan, pectin, and -glucan) in corn-soybean-type diets. ), saponins and alkaloids (Zhang Yongtai, 1998), these anti-nutritional factors can cause allergic reactions in pigs, inhibit endogenous enzyme activities, reduce nutrient digestibility and other anti-nutritional reactions. To solve these problems, adding enzyme preparations is also the best option (Bedford, 1996).
Due to lack of resources and increasing competition, animal nutrition experts and formulators have increased the development of unconventional feed ingredients in recent years. In the current formulation system, more and more varieties are used for unconventional raw materials, and the dosage is getting larger and larger. This is especially evident in the large pig feed. However, the anti-nutritional factors contained in unconventional raw materials limit the use of these raw materials and restrict the development of animal husbandry in China. Among them, non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) has adverse effects on nutrient utilization rate and animal intestinal health. Therefore, in order to increase the use of unconventional feed ingredients, the corresponding enzyme preparations are needed to decompose the corresponding raw materials. Starch polysaccharide. Therefore, the widespread use of non-starch polysaccharide enzymes in feed has driven the development and extensive use of unconventional raw materials.
4 complex enzyme preparation biological function
4.1 supplement or promote endogenous enzyme secretion
The digestive function of piglets has not yet developed and the secretion of amylase, protease and lipase is insufficient (Lindemann et al., 1986; An Yongyi, 1997; Yang Quanming, 1999). Adding exogenous amylase, protease, etc. to the piglet diet can not only supplement the deficiency of endogenous enzymes in the body, but also activate the secretion of endogenous enzymes. The starch is decomposed into dextrin, maltose, fructose and glucose, and the protein is decomposed into polypeptides, oligopeptides and amino acids, thereby facilitating the digestion, decomposition and absorption of starch and protein by livestock and poultry. Exogenous lipase can increase the digestibility of fat in the feed, especially significantly increase the digestibility of fat in rice bran (Moughan, 1996). Adding enzymes to the diet of piglets can increase the activity of trypsin, chymotrypsin and amylase in the small intestine. High (Li et al., 1999a).
4.2 Reduce the viscosity of food in the intestines of livestock and poultry, improve the digestion and utilization of nutrients
When livestock and poultry feed on water-soluble NSP-rich grain diets such as wheat, barley, and rice, the viscosity of the oysters increases. The high viscosity of the chyme leads to a slowing of the dissolution of nutrients, the diffusion rate of nutrients and endogenous digestive enzymes is slowed down, and the ability of the intestinal machinery to mix chyme is weakened, so that the digestion of nutrients by endogenous digestive enzymes is weakened and the digestibility of nutrients is reduced ( Bedford, 1996). Undigested nutrients enter the small intestine and provide carbon source for the proliferation and fermentation of anaerobic harmful microorganisms in the latter stage. For example, a large number of Clostridium sporozoans are produced, and some of them produce toxins and inhibit the growth of livestock and poultry. After the addition of NSP enzyme, the NSP enzyme can hydrolyze the high-viscosity SNSP into polysaccharide fragments. The viscosity of these small-molecular-weight polysaccharide fragments is greatly reduced, the viscosity of the chyme is also greatly reduced, and the diffusion barrier effect of nutrients and endogenous digestive enzymes disappears. The digestibility and absorption rate of feed nutrients are greatly improved, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of piglet diarrhea.
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