Scientists develop self-repairing potassium batteries: cheaper and longer life than lithium batteries
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According to foreign media New Atlas reports, lithium is expensive, there are major environmental problems, and there may be a fire hazard. However, this is currently the best solution for battery storage for electric vehicles and equipment, but other alternatives are beginning to appear gradually. In fact, the promising alternative may be potassium batteries.
Potassium is cheap and abundant, and it is often easy to use, which means that both manufacturing costs and material costs are low. Using an all-potassium metal anode, a battery that matches the energy density provided by lithium can be manufactured.
So far, there is also a problem in lithium batteries: dendrite growth. Over time, as the battery is charged and discharged again and again, a small amount of metal (lithium lithium or potassium) begins to attach itself to the anode. This does not happen evenly. A small amount of dendrites (a kind of dendrites) gradually formed, and eventually they were long enough to pierce the insulating film that separated the anode from the cathode and short-circuited the battery. This will cause heat to accumulate and occasionally catch fire, and effectively shorten the life of the battery.
Now, a group of scientists from Rensselaer Polytechnic University in New York State said they have developed a self-healing technology that can remove these dendritic crystals from the anode after you charge the battery overnight, preventing them Too long to cause problems. They believe that it is now possible to put cheap, long-life potassium metal batteries into the mass market.
This technology sounds strange because it is essentially a high-rate charge and discharge. The researchers said that by operating in a controlled environment, they can precisely control the heat in the battery and increase the heat to the point that potassium does not melt, but it will activate the surface diffusion, causing the metal to shift to the side. The same research team demonstrated in 2018 that they have similar self-healing capabilities to dendritic crystals in lithium batteries, but require higher temperatures.
"The idea with this method is that at night or whenever you are not using the battery, you will have a battery management system that will use this localized heat to cause the dendrites to heal themselves." Study lead author, Nikhil Koratkar, a professor of mechanical, aerospace and nuclear engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic University, said: "I hope to see a model shift to metal batteries. Metal batteries are the most effective way to manufacture batteries; however, due to this dendrite Problems, they are not feasible. With potassium, I will have greater hope for this. "
The research was published in "PNAS".
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