Processing and development of CNC tools
2018-10-24 12:03:17
High speed, high efficiency, compounding, high precision, high reliability and environmental protection are the development trends of advanced cutting technology, and also the requirements for CNC cutting tools. The development of CNC tool manufacturing technology mainly focuses on the following aspects: tool material manufacturing technology, tool coating manufacturing technology, tool structure design and manufacturing technology, tool system manufacturing technology for connecting CNC tools and CNC machine tools, and related software technologies such as cutting database.
(1) CNC tool material "the right medicine", attaches importance to the development of ultra-hard and ultra-fine materials Cutting tool materials are the basis for determining the cutting performance of the tool, especially the cutting efficiency and reliability of the tool. "The right medicine", the development of matching specific tool materials for the characteristics of the workpiece (material properties, machining allowance, batch, requirements, etc.) is a development trend today. Cobalt high-speed steel, powder metallurgy high-speed steel, hard alloy (including ultra-fine particle cemented carbide), ceramics, cermet and other materials have been rapidly promoted and widely used in CNC tools. In particular, the number of carbide tools for CNC tools and indexable non-reground blades has developed rapidly in recent years, accounting for a major share. The submicron ultrafine particle cemented carbide material significantly improves the cutting mechanical properties (strength, hardness) of the tool. For complex forming CNC gear tools, cobalt high speed steel and powder high speed steel have a great tendency to replace traditional high speed steel. With the increasing demand for cutting materials such as non-ferrous materials, organic composites and even wood, especially in the development of automobiles (cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, etc.), aerospace, military, furniture manufacturing, silicon-aluminum alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy The processing of composite honeycomb material parts and hardened workpieces has promoted the advancement of manufacturing technology for superhard tool materials such as polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and cubic boron nitride (CBN). The promotion of environmental protection requirements, dry cutting technology and micro-cold liquid, low-temperature gas cooling technology came into being, put forward new requirements for the high temperature resistance of cutting tool materials (and coatings) - excellent high temperature red hardness, high temperature anti-stick Synthetic and high-temperature friction properties are critical to the performance of dry-cutting CNC tools.
(2) The development of CNC tool coatings is rapid, and the new coatings are endless. Tool coating is another key technology that determines tool cutting performance, especially tool cutting efficiency and reliability. It meets the requirements of economical development: cutting efficiency is significantly improved, cutting tools The performance is significantly improved and the service life is multiplied, which saves resources and reduces costs. In recent years, the development of tool coating technology has been unprecedented, and new coating equipment and coating materials have emerged in an endless stream. On the basis of the traditional TiN, TiC, TiCN, Al2O3 coatings, new coatings such as TiAlN, TiBN, TiAlBN, CrN, CrC, SN2, etc. with better high temperature and red hardness, and soft coatings with improved self-lubricating properties have been developed. MoS2. Diamond coatings, diamond-like coatings DCL, and CBN coatings have also developed rapidly. Nano-coating structures can significantly improve coating performance under the same coating conditions and are highly valued.
Currently. The coating process of cutting tools mainly uses chemical coating (CVD) and physical coating (PVD). Due to the low working temperature of the physical coating, the influence on the strength of the tool base is small, and the geometric accuracy of the tool and the cutting performance of the cutting edge are maintained, so that it is used more. Hot cathode ion plating technology and equipment from Chengdu Tool Research Institute, closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering ion plating and equipment produced by Xi'an University of Technology and the United Kingdom, and high ionization sputter coating technology and equipment from CemeCon, Germany. It reflects the current status and development trend of coating technology and equipment, and has achieved good results in the application of high-speed steel complex forming tools and hard alloy CNC tools. In recent years, Shanghai Tool Factory and Guiyang Tool Factory have introduced new coating equipment respectively. Ha Yigong and PVT, Hanjiang Tools and BALZERS have also established joint coating centers and tool coating services opened by many foreign companies in China. The center promoted the rapid improvement of the quality of domestically produced complex forming tools, CNC tools and blade coatings, and further moved closer to the international advanced level.
It should be mentioned that attention should be paid to the optimal configuration of the workpiece material and the cutting tool base and coating. Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Factory and Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. have invested hundreds of millions of dollars in recent years. Through the introduction of technology, the development of hard alloy new material grades, coating technology and equipment, indexable CNC inserts and solid carbide CNC tools Significant results have been achieved in production.
(3) CNC tool and tool system meets the requirements of high-speed and composite cutting. The innovative and optimized design of CNC tool and indexable CNC blade structure and geometric parameters, such as the development of new precision-formed chipbreaker type, effectively improves the tool. Cutting performance. In recent years, the development of CNC combined tools and composite tools has accelerated. For example, the combination of a rough cutting edge roughing hob and a precision cutting hob, a gear hob and a deburring tool improves the efficiency of the hobbing process. In order to meet the requirements of CNC compound turning and milling machining center, the requirements of plane, cylindrical surface, hole and thread cutting are completed in one installation of the workpiece, and a new type of CNC tool holder for automatic tool change of turning and milling is developed. The cooperation between Zhuzhou Diamond Investment Technology, Shanggong and SU will further improve the design and manufacturing level of CNC tools and gear cutters in China.
The tool system precisely connects the CNC tool to the CNC machine tool spindle to determine the clamping accuracy of the tool and transfer the cutting motion and power of the tool. For high-speed and efficient machining, the traditional one-sided (cone-face) constrained clamping system with a 7:24 taper is no longer sufficient, and the HSK tooling system (with a 1:10 taper) has been promoted. It adopts double-sided (cone and end plane) restraint clamping principle, and the contact stiffness and transmission torque are greatly improved. In recent years, the promotion in China has also made progress, but it is mainly used with imported machine tools. The main reason is the machine tool spindle and tools. The establishment and transfer of benchmarks in the manufacture of systems, the provision of equipment for measurement and testing, and the provision of means. Japan's Dazhao Seiki developed a double-sided (cone and end plane) constrained clamping tool system with a 7:24 cone, which not only achieves similar effects to HSK, but also interchanges with traditional 7:24 taper shank tools. . Recently, Harbin Measuring and Cutting Tool Factory acquired KELCH Company of Germany and absorbed advanced CNC tool system complete manufacturing technology (design, manufacturing, testing, working benchmarks, etc.), which will promote and accelerate the development and manufacture of CNC tool systems and CNC tools in China. Process.
(4) CNC tool measuring instrument In order to ensure the high cutting performance, high precision, shape and structure of the quality of CNC tools, CNC tool testing instruments have received attention. For example, Saturn series CCD CNC tool presetter from Zoller, Germany, and TooldyneSV from Schenck
CNC tool dynamic balance detectors and other rapid development, foreign high-end new products continue to enter the market. The non-contact on-machine numerical control tool tester of BLUM of Germany and RENISHAW of the United Kingdom adopts a jet device, which can accurately detect and set the length, radius and diameter of the tool on the machine during the rapid rotation of the tool during the machining of the CNC machine. The beating can also monitor tool edge shape errors and breakage. In addition, it can measure and compensate the relative position error of the tool caused by temperature change, and improve the machining accuracy of the machine tool.
(5) CNC tool closed-loop manufacturing system Integrating measurement technology and equipment into the machining process of CNC tooling, promoted the development of digital tool manufacturing technology. The closed-loop manufacturing system of CNC tool of WALTER in Germany and the closed-loop manufacturing system of arc bevel gear of Klingelnberg are examples of the advanced manufacturing technology of this CNC tool. Through computer communication, the system can realize the re-machining from CAD, CAM, CAI to CAM until the quality meets the requirements, and realize the manufacturing of “zero waste†for CNC tools. The entire manufacturing system information of the CNC tool is integrated and integrated.
The CNC tool cutting database is integrated into the CNC machine tool and is also an important part of the development of CNC cutting technology. China has begun to explore the beginning. The key to realizing this technology is the feasibility and practicality of the data. The metal cutting database query service opened by Chengdu Tool Research Institute integrates relevant research results from the “Sixth Five-Year Planâ€. With the development of cutting technology, especially the development of high-speed, high-efficiency and difficult-to-machine material cutting technology, the database should be adapted to the needs of development, constantly updated, supplemented and improved.
For CNC machining systems, we must pay attention to the development of CNC tool manufacturing technology, and pay attention to cutting mechanism, CNC tool design, materials, manufacturing process, edge strengthening technology, surface strengthening technology, CNC tool inspection technology, CNC cutting data database, etc. Technical development and quality management of the whole process of CNC tool manufacturing. Using advanced information technology to integrate, analyze, diagnose and feedback the information of each link (including application) in the closed-loop system of CNC tool manufacturing to improve the quality and level of manufacturing, which is crucial for the development of CNC tool manufacturing technology. The development of cutting technology is also crucial.
(1) CNC tool material "the right medicine", attaches importance to the development of ultra-hard and ultra-fine materials Cutting tool materials are the basis for determining the cutting performance of the tool, especially the cutting efficiency and reliability of the tool. "The right medicine", the development of matching specific tool materials for the characteristics of the workpiece (material properties, machining allowance, batch, requirements, etc.) is a development trend today. Cobalt high-speed steel, powder metallurgy high-speed steel, hard alloy (including ultra-fine particle cemented carbide), ceramics, cermet and other materials have been rapidly promoted and widely used in CNC tools. In particular, the number of carbide tools for CNC tools and indexable non-reground blades has developed rapidly in recent years, accounting for a major share. The submicron ultrafine particle cemented carbide material significantly improves the cutting mechanical properties (strength, hardness) of the tool. For complex forming CNC gear tools, cobalt high speed steel and powder high speed steel have a great tendency to replace traditional high speed steel. With the increasing demand for cutting materials such as non-ferrous materials, organic composites and even wood, especially in the development of automobiles (cylinder block, cylinder head, piston, etc.), aerospace, military, furniture manufacturing, silicon-aluminum alloy, aluminum-magnesium alloy The processing of composite honeycomb material parts and hardened workpieces has promoted the advancement of manufacturing technology for superhard tool materials such as polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and cubic boron nitride (CBN). The promotion of environmental protection requirements, dry cutting technology and micro-cold liquid, low-temperature gas cooling technology came into being, put forward new requirements for the high temperature resistance of cutting tool materials (and coatings) - excellent high temperature red hardness, high temperature anti-stick Synthetic and high-temperature friction properties are critical to the performance of dry-cutting CNC tools.
(2) The development of CNC tool coatings is rapid, and the new coatings are endless. Tool coating is another key technology that determines tool cutting performance, especially tool cutting efficiency and reliability. It meets the requirements of economical development: cutting efficiency is significantly improved, cutting tools The performance is significantly improved and the service life is multiplied, which saves resources and reduces costs. In recent years, the development of tool coating technology has been unprecedented, and new coating equipment and coating materials have emerged in an endless stream. On the basis of the traditional TiN, TiC, TiCN, Al2O3 coatings, new coatings such as TiAlN, TiBN, TiAlBN, CrN, CrC, SN2, etc. with better high temperature and red hardness, and soft coatings with improved self-lubricating properties have been developed. MoS2. Diamond coatings, diamond-like coatings DCL, and CBN coatings have also developed rapidly. Nano-coating structures can significantly improve coating performance under the same coating conditions and are highly valued.
Currently. The coating process of cutting tools mainly uses chemical coating (CVD) and physical coating (PVD). Due to the low working temperature of the physical coating, the influence on the strength of the tool base is small, and the geometric accuracy of the tool and the cutting performance of the cutting edge are maintained, so that it is used more. Hot cathode ion plating technology and equipment from Chengdu Tool Research Institute, closed field unbalanced magnetron sputtering ion plating and equipment produced by Xi'an University of Technology and the United Kingdom, and high ionization sputter coating technology and equipment from CemeCon, Germany. It reflects the current status and development trend of coating technology and equipment, and has achieved good results in the application of high-speed steel complex forming tools and hard alloy CNC tools. In recent years, Shanghai Tool Factory and Guiyang Tool Factory have introduced new coating equipment respectively. Ha Yigong and PVT, Hanjiang Tools and BALZERS have also established joint coating centers and tool coating services opened by many foreign companies in China. The center promoted the rapid improvement of the quality of domestically produced complex forming tools, CNC tools and blade coatings, and further moved closer to the international advanced level.
It should be mentioned that attention should be paid to the optimal configuration of the workpiece material and the cutting tool base and coating. Zhuzhou Cemented Carbide Factory and Zhuzhou Diamond Cutting Tool Co., Ltd. have invested hundreds of millions of dollars in recent years. Through the introduction of technology, the development of hard alloy new material grades, coating technology and equipment, indexable CNC inserts and solid carbide CNC tools Significant results have been achieved in production.
(3) CNC tool and tool system meets the requirements of high-speed and composite cutting. The innovative and optimized design of CNC tool and indexable CNC blade structure and geometric parameters, such as the development of new precision-formed chipbreaker type, effectively improves the tool. Cutting performance. In recent years, the development of CNC combined tools and composite tools has accelerated. For example, the combination of a rough cutting edge roughing hob and a precision cutting hob, a gear hob and a deburring tool improves the efficiency of the hobbing process. In order to meet the requirements of CNC compound turning and milling machining center, the requirements of plane, cylindrical surface, hole and thread cutting are completed in one installation of the workpiece, and a new type of CNC tool holder for automatic tool change of turning and milling is developed. The cooperation between Zhuzhou Diamond Investment Technology, Shanggong and SU will further improve the design and manufacturing level of CNC tools and gear cutters in China.
The tool system precisely connects the CNC tool to the CNC machine tool spindle to determine the clamping accuracy of the tool and transfer the cutting motion and power of the tool. For high-speed and efficient machining, the traditional one-sided (cone-face) constrained clamping system with a 7:24 taper is no longer sufficient, and the HSK tooling system (with a 1:10 taper) has been promoted. It adopts double-sided (cone and end plane) restraint clamping principle, and the contact stiffness and transmission torque are greatly improved. In recent years, the promotion in China has also made progress, but it is mainly used with imported machine tools. The main reason is the machine tool spindle and tools. The establishment and transfer of benchmarks in the manufacture of systems, the provision of equipment for measurement and testing, and the provision of means. Japan's Dazhao Seiki developed a double-sided (cone and end plane) constrained clamping tool system with a 7:24 cone, which not only achieves similar effects to HSK, but also interchanges with traditional 7:24 taper shank tools. . Recently, Harbin Measuring and Cutting Tool Factory acquired KELCH Company of Germany and absorbed advanced CNC tool system complete manufacturing technology (design, manufacturing, testing, working benchmarks, etc.), which will promote and accelerate the development and manufacture of CNC tool systems and CNC tools in China. Process.
(4) CNC tool measuring instrument In order to ensure the high cutting performance, high precision, shape and structure of the quality of CNC tools, CNC tool testing instruments have received attention. For example, Saturn series CCD CNC tool presetter from Zoller, Germany, and TooldyneSV from Schenck
CNC tool dynamic balance detectors and other rapid development, foreign high-end new products continue to enter the market. The non-contact on-machine numerical control tool tester of BLUM of Germany and RENISHAW of the United Kingdom adopts a jet device, which can accurately detect and set the length, radius and diameter of the tool on the machine during the rapid rotation of the tool during the machining of the CNC machine. The beating can also monitor tool edge shape errors and breakage. In addition, it can measure and compensate the relative position error of the tool caused by temperature change, and improve the machining accuracy of the machine tool.
(5) CNC tool closed-loop manufacturing system Integrating measurement technology and equipment into the machining process of CNC tooling, promoted the development of digital tool manufacturing technology. The closed-loop manufacturing system of CNC tool of WALTER in Germany and the closed-loop manufacturing system of arc bevel gear of Klingelnberg are examples of the advanced manufacturing technology of this CNC tool. Through computer communication, the system can realize the re-machining from CAD, CAM, CAI to CAM until the quality meets the requirements, and realize the manufacturing of “zero waste†for CNC tools. The entire manufacturing system information of the CNC tool is integrated and integrated.
The CNC tool cutting database is integrated into the CNC machine tool and is also an important part of the development of CNC cutting technology. China has begun to explore the beginning. The key to realizing this technology is the feasibility and practicality of the data. The metal cutting database query service opened by Chengdu Tool Research Institute integrates relevant research results from the “Sixth Five-Year Planâ€. With the development of cutting technology, especially the development of high-speed, high-efficiency and difficult-to-machine material cutting technology, the database should be adapted to the needs of development, constantly updated, supplemented and improved.
For CNC machining systems, we must pay attention to the development of CNC tool manufacturing technology, and pay attention to cutting mechanism, CNC tool design, materials, manufacturing process, edge strengthening technology, surface strengthening technology, CNC tool inspection technology, CNC cutting data database, etc. Technical development and quality management of the whole process of CNC tool manufacturing. Using advanced information technology to integrate, analyze, diagnose and feedback the information of each link (including application) in the closed-loop system of CNC tool manufacturing to improve the quality and level of manufacturing, which is crucial for the development of CNC tool manufacturing technology. The development of cutting technology is also crucial.
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