Photovoltaic poverty alleviation financing difficulties, maintenance problems, grid consumption problems
The reporter recently found in Shanxi, Anhui, Guangxi and other places that with the increase of PV poverty alleviation projects and the continuous increase in scale, problems such as financing difficulties, maintenance problems, and grid consumption have appeared. Grassroots people suggest that the top-level precision design of photovoltaic projects should be strengthened to form multiple guarantee mechanisms to promote the sustainable development of photovoltaic poverty alleviation.
Construction fund financing is difficult
Late maintenance under specification
“The early fundraising was difficult, and the later maintenance was not standardized. I was most afraid of becoming a bad stock. I praised the mother in the early stage.†This is the opinion of some local grassroots cadres on PV poverty alleviation.
Liu Zhijie, director of the Shanxi Poverty Alleviation Office, introduced: The static investment of the photovoltaic poverty alleviation pilot project is about 0.8 million yuan/kW, and the total investment of the 100 kilowatt photovoltaic power station is about 900,000 yuan. "At present, Shanxi Province supports 100,000 yuan per 20 kilowatts, but it is necessary to make up the initial funding gap of about 400,000 yuan, which is undoubtedly a problem for poor villages."
Local arrears in photovoltaic projects and various subsidies directly affect the participation of local governments, poor households and enterprises. The vice president of a technology company in Hubei introduced that the company cooperated with the local government to build photovoltaic poverty alleviation power stations in 32 villages, of which 26 power stations were all funded by enterprises, with an accumulated investment of 13.7598 million yuan and a recovery of 8.86 million yuan. The longest arrears have been nearly a year and a half.
Zhang Ning, deputy director of Nanning Power Supply Bureau of China Southern Power Grid introduced: The theoretical life of photovoltaic power station is 25 years, but after 5 to 10 years, the problems will be exposed one after another. “Re-investment in light pipe†will become a long-term mechanism for photovoltaic power generation to become a precise poverty alleviation mechanism. "key.
The domestic PV giants believe that the local policy level tends to pay more attention to the construction of funds, and has a description of the front-end construction and subsidies, but the policy norms of the operation and maintenance team and the source of operation and maintenance funds are rarely taken into account. In addition, the PV industry operation and maintenance market itself lacks industry standards, the threshold of entry is vague, the qualification of personnel is uneven, and the competition for low prices. The status of post-operation and maintenance of poverty alleviation power stations is not optimistic, and the poverty alleviation effect will be greatly reduced.
Different interests are different, and the implementation bottleneck still exists. Government agencies pay attention to industrial and social benefits, the energy sector pays attention to the development of energy industry, poverty alleviation institutions pay attention to poverty alleviation, enterprises and financial institutions pay attention to economic benefits and profits, and poor households pay more attention to short-term interests.
During the interview process in Hainan Province, “the economic benefits of photovoltaic power generation and the role of the industrial belt are very smallâ€, “Hainan does not lack electricity, and the construction of photovoltaic power plants is a repetitive investment†and other misunderstandings are still widespread, resulting in insufficient policy promotion. Many village-level power station projects have no The ground can fall. Some cities and counties' power supply bureaus and power supply stations have outstanding problems in coordinating photovoltaic access and low service efficiency.
Some "photovoltaic scammers" who drilled the system "empty" began to appear in the market terminal. Since 2016, “photovoltaic scammers†have appeared in Jiangsu and Shanxi, paying rents to farmers to rent roofs, and then installing photovoltaic power plants. After that, farmers are required to go to bank loans in their own names, and promised monthly mortgages to be repaid by “company†to generate electricity. The proceeds are classified as “companyâ€, and after the loan is paid off, the power station will be owned by the farmer. In fact, in operation, the scammers installed a photovoltaic power station at less than half the cost, and the money for the poor households’ loans was swept away.
Photoelectric consumption situation is grim
Poor power generation
On the one hand, the power grid has limited ability to absorb the power generation of photovoltaic poverty alleviation power stations. Take Shanxi as an example. At present, Shanxi Power Grid has a maximum capacity of 1 million kilowatts for village-level poverty alleviation power stations. If it exceeds the above scale, the power grid will be abandoned due to difficulties. At present, the installed capacity of photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects with grid-connected power generation in Shanxi has reached 786,600 kilowatts. In addition, a large number of photovoltaic power plants are under construction. It is expected that the installed capacity of local photovoltaic poverty alleviation power stations will soon break through the upper limit of consumption.
On the other hand, according to the current project approval system, the project establishment process of photovoltaic projects is relatively fast, and the project for supporting power grid projects is complicated and has a long period of time. In addition, after the power project is established, it is applied for network connection, which objectively causes the supporting project. It lags behind the power supply project itself, and there is a time difference. This actual situation will also limit the timely replenishment of the grid's capacity to absorb, which makes the grid access approval difficult.
At the same time, with the increase of photovoltaic poverty alleviation power stations, the problem of difficult to pay for photovoltaic power generation has become more and more prominent. The director of the poverty alleviation office in a county in Shanxi Province introduced that the county's financial resources are very limited. In the process of photovoltaic poverty alleviation and electricity bills, the subsidy for electricity prices that should be supplemented is a big problem. The local financial funds are limited, and the state subsidies are also closed.
Ren Dongmin, director of the National Development and Reform Commission's Renewable Energy Development Center, estimates that according to the current subsidy system, China's renewable energy subsidy gap will reach 200 billion yuan by 2020. The state has proposed a “regression†mechanism for subsidies for photovoltaic electricity prices, distributed in 2019. The PV subsidy will also begin to decline. After the government subsidy policy and the amount adjustment, how to ensure the sustainable operation of photovoltaic poverty alleviation has become an important issue.
Deep system design
Continue to promote photovoltaic poverty alleviation
　　 The grassroots poverty alleviation team, economists, and local government staff interviewed by the reporter suggested that the deep design of the top-level system should be promoted from four aspects, and the comprehensive poverty alleviation mechanism of photovoltaics will become a long-term mechanism of “20 years of managementâ€.
The first is that PV poverty alleviation enters the “capillary vessels†and must “clear the aortaâ€. Accelerate the revision of distributed PV related technology standards and the operation and maintenance specifications that reflect the whole life cycle management.
The Nanning Power Supply Bureau of China Southern Power Grid recommends that the technical standards of distributed PV access be solved as soon as possible to ensure the safety of the power grid and ensure the power quality of the surrounding load. Power grid enterprises should also continuously research and improve the technical level of accepting distributed photovoltaic power, improve the efficiency of grid-connected photovoltaic power generation, establish and strengthen the awareness of the “full life cycle†management and operation of power stations, and reflect the regulation of long-term professional operation management system of the project. Requirements, improve the clear rules for post-maintenance, and clarify the source of operation and maintenance funds.
Strictly undertake the entry threshold of the unit, strengthen the technology and equipment review and management, and select the enterprises with quality assurance and long-term operation ability through franchising, bidding or other competitive comparison methods to undertake the construction and operation management of the photovoltaic power station. And technical services; strictly implement the project acceptance system to ensure the safe and reliable operation of photovoltaic poverty alleviation power stations for 25 years.
The second is to innovate market mechanisms to strengthen financial security for photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects.
The photovoltaic insurance mechanism of Jinzhai in Anhui Province is 10 yuan per household per year, 200 yuan per year for village-level collective photovoltaic power stations, and the government pays insurance premiums in the same proportion. The whole purchase of insurance provides protection for poor household transportation and power stations, and resolves risks and poverty. The household will benefit forever.
Luo Wei, a professor at the School of Economics and Management of Guangxi Normal University, believes that relevant departments will increase research and adjust the policy and subsidy ratio for photovoltaic poverty alleviation, guide market mechanism innovation to alleviate financing problems, and encourage financial institutions to further explore the centralized income and project assets as a mortgage mechanism. Promote financial institutions such as banks and local governments to establish financing platforms for photovoltaic power generation projects, and explore the establishment of public guarantee funds for photovoltaic power generation investment.
The third is to improve the photovoltaic poverty alleviation management system and strengthen project supervision.
Shenzhen Keshida and other photovoltaic companies said: to promote the establishment of photovoltaic poverty alleviation sharing platform and dialogue mechanism, for the government, enterprises, projects, village collectives, farmers, financial institutions to form a "consensus platform", scientific and rational argumentation, the formation of a A complete, replicable, and instructive PV poverty alleviation project construction mechanism that clarifies the roles of governments, financial institutions, and poor households.
It is recommended that the implementation of “one main body of management†be implemented in the implementation of the project to avoid loss of efficiency. In the practice of Datong Tianzhen County, Shanxi Province, through the establishment of the county-level "Tianzhen County Poly Lighting Industry Development Co., Ltd." to unified responsibility for photovoltaic power station construction, electricity bill settlement, income disbursement, formalities, post-management and other matters, the implementation of the market The operation has effectively avoided the impact of “multiple government and non-government†on the progress of the project.
Make full use of "Internet +" technology to improve the efficiency of poverty alleviation, and solve problems such as fewer stations, less supervision, and inefficiency. The State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company solved the project of 172 PV poverty alleviation projects by opening the online channel with the “Special Project Package for Photovoltaic Poverty Alleviation Network Projectâ€.
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