Occurrence and control of fruit trees and pests in July and August
In July and August, apples, pears and other fruit trees entered the fruit expansion period, and the fruit leaf curtain layer has been formed. The climatic conditions of high temperature and high humidity are conducive to the breeding of pests and diseases in closed orchards. The pests that endanger fruit trees in this period are mainly early defoliation diseases. Ring disease, anthracnose, apple tree rot disease, peach heartworm, hawthorn leafhopper, golden weeping moth, scale insect, pear black spot disease, pear hibiscus, pear yellow meal, etc., must strengthen prevention and control, protect leaves and fruits .
Characteristics of fruit and tree diseases in July and August
Disease occurrence characteristics. In this period, the pathogen of apple tree rot disease is easy to invade from the rough epidermis tissue and wound in the base of the branch; the brown spot disease in early defoliation is prone to prevalence in rainy, high temperature and humid climate conditions, and the pathogen will continue to invade this time. Deciding leaves quickly; July-August is still a key period for the infection of the fruit of the ring disease; anthracnose is prevalent in high temperature, high humidity and rainy weather conditions, and the bacteria can quickly invade the fruit; Poor ventilation of the body, poor breathability of the bag, black spot disease will also increase the harm.
The characteristics of pest occurrence. In mid-July, some of the larvae of P. sinensis were smashed on the ground. In the middle and late July, there was a first-generation adult worm, which harmed the fruit after spawning. In high-temperature and dry weather, Hawthorn leaf mites breed quickly and easily erupt, and July and August are The most dangerous period of the year; the third and fourth generation adults of the golden moths occur in the middle and late July and mid-August, respectively, and the larvae sneak into the leaves after hatching; the nymphs of the apple scale insects are scattered on the branches. Hazard; if there is a rainfall of more than 5 mm and there is more than 48 hours of rainy days, the pathogen of pear black spot disease can invade and infest the disease after multiple infestation; When the relative humidity of the air is above 60%, the mold in the environment can be attached to the secretions, polluting the leaves and fruits; the pear yellow meal continues to harm the fruit, and the closer to the fruit ripening, the more serious the damage.
Integrated control technology
Strengthen comprehensive management, enhance tree potential, and improve ventilation and light transmission conditions of trees. The canopy with closed canopy, poor ventilation and light transmission conditions, extensive cultivation and management, and debilitated orchard provide breeding conditions for various pests and diseases, which is conducive to the spread of pests and diseases. Therefore, improving the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the park, protecting the leaves, and enhancing the tree potential are the basis for preventing pests and diseases.
Agricultural control. Cut off the branches of the pests and diseases, remove the heartworms and insects, and bring out the orchard to burn. The sexual attractant is used to trap the peach heartworm, the apple leaf curler, the golden dragon moth, and the pear heartworm.
Chemical control. Specific measures: (1) If there is an ulcerated plaque of apple tree rot after July, after the scraping, use the green cloud brand healing agent to smear the disease, and use 4% "Nongkang 120" 50 times liquid or bacteria poison 50. - 100 times liquid brushing the trunk and the base of the big branch to protect the tree body and prevent the invasion of germs. (2) According to the occurrence of pests and diseases, symptomatic medication, apple orchard can choose Dasheng M-45 plus methyl thiophanate 800 times solution or Fuxing 10000 times solution, add avermectin 8000 times solution (or lesburn, or kung fu Such as pyrethroid pesticides). (3) apple brown spot disease, ring disease, anthracnose disease, black spot disease, pear black spot disease, etc. can be used alternately with Bordeaux mixture with 10% Shiga 3000-4000 times liquid (or carbendazim, Jiatuo). Or use multiple antibiotics alternately with Dasheng M-45 or Yibao. (4) Spotted leaf deciduous disease can be controlled with 43% good gram suspension. (5) Combining the investigation attractant to trap adult worms, when the average number of leaf mites on each leaf reaches 7-8, sneeze 3,000 times liquid or ketone 2500 times liquid. (6) In the middle and late July, the 2nd generation of the golden-grained moths was sprayed with 25% of the chlorpyrifos 3 suspension of 2000 times or 1.8% of the avermectin 4000-6000 times. (7) In the middle and late July, when the egg-fruit rate of P. sinensis reached 1-2%, spray 30% Tao Xiaoling 2000 times solution. (8) On average, there are 4 adult larvae and nymphs on 10 leaves, which can spray 35% Satan 1000 times liquid to treat scale insects. (9) Bagged pears are often unpacked and checked for more than 3% of the fruit. If 0.3-0.5% of the bags are found to contain yellow meal, timely select the drug with strong internal absorption and fumigation, such as Saidan 1000 times liquid spray wet paper bag. , smoked the inside of the bag. Or the orchard with serious black spot disease last year should be diligently checked the fruit bag. If the symptoms of black spot disease are found, immediately cut the vent hole at the bottom of the bag, and increase the vent hole appropriately to strengthen the gas circulation inside and outside the bag.
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