General rubber machinery
General-purpose rubber machinery is a machine for preparing rubber or semi-finished products, including raw material processing machinery, rubber mixing machine, extruder, calender, curtain canvas pretreatment device and cutting machine.
Rubber mixing machine
The rubber mixing machine is divided into two types: open type and closed type.
Open rubber mixer
Mainly used for rubber heat, tableting, gel breaking, plasticating and mixing. It consists of a roller, a roller bearing, a roll gap adjustment device, an emergency brake device, a frame, a base, a transmission, and a heating and cooling system. The working principle of the open type rubber mixer is that the raw rubber or rubber is pulled into the nip by friction between two rolls of opposite speeds, which are subjected to strong shearing and pressing to increase the plasticity. This twin-roller open-type rubber mixer began production in 1826. Its structure is relatively simple and modern is still widely used.
Closed rubber mixer
Mainly used for rubber mastication and mixing. It has one more mixing chamber than the open mixer (Figure 1). After the raw rubber and the compounding agent are loaded into the mixing chamber from the feeding hopper, the material door is closed, the upper top bolt of the pressing device is pressed, and the two rotors in the mixing chamber are rotated at different or the same speed. The loaded rubber is subjected to constant stirring, folding and strong kneading between the rotor and the rotor and the mixing chamber to produce an oxidative chain breakage, which increases the plasticity. At the same time, the rubber compound is dispersed and uniformly mixed due to the shearing action, thereby achieving the purpose of rubber compounding. Since the invention of the elliptical rotor closed type rubber mixer in 1916, the closed type rubber mixer has developed rapidly in the rubber industry. Later, other types of rotor-type rubber mixers appeared. Modern closed-type rubber mixers have a rubber mixing cycle of 2.5 to 3 minutes and a mixing chamber with a maximum capacity of 650 liters.
Extruder
Rubber machinery is used to extrude treads, inner tubes, hoses and various rubber strips, and is also used to cover cable and wire products. Common is the screw extruder. Its working principle is: the rubber is stirred, mixed, plasticized and compacted in the barrel by the rotation of the extrusion screw, then moved to the head, and finally the shape of the product is extruded from the mouth. According to the needs of the product, multiple machines can be used for composite extrusion of various rubber compounds. Screw extruders are divided into hot feed and cold feed. Hot feed extruders are typically fed to a preheated strip through an open mixer. The rubber fed by the cold feed extruder is not subjected to hot refining, and the refining equipment can be omitted.
Calender
It is mainly used for the glue or rubber glue of the curtain canvas, the pressing of the rubber compound, the lamination and the embossing. The main working part of the calender is the drum, and the number of rolls is usually three or more. When the rubber with a certain temperature and plasticity is fed into the roll gap of the opposite direction, it is strongly squeezed and stretched under the action of friction to form the desired product. The first calender was made and used in production in 1857 and has since been continuously improved. Especially since the 1950s, the development of the plastics industry has strongly promoted the improvement of high-precision, high-speed calenders. In order to obtain a rolled product having a uniform thickness, the new calender is generally provided with a roller deflection compensating device. The thickness of the semi-finished product is measured by special equipment, and some calenders are equipped with an automatic thickness control system controlled by an electronic computer.
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