Fertilization rule and fertilization technology of sugarcane
2024-11-02 10:00:34
Fertilizer rule
Sugar cane has a long growing period and high yield. It generally produces 5-8 tons of cane stems per mu, and high-yield fields can reach 10 tons. It absorbs more nutrients during the whole growth period and is one of the crops with relatively large fertilizer demand. According to the study, for every 1000 kg of sugar cane grown, nitrogen (N) 1.5-2 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 1-1.5 kg, potassium oxide (K2O) 2-2.5 kg, calcium oxide (CaO) 0.5-0.75 are taken from the soil. kilogram.
We divide the life of sugar cane into seedling stage, tillering stage, elongation stage and process maturity stage. The uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in seedling stage accounted for 8%, 9% and 4% of the total growth during the whole growth period; 16%, 18% and 14% respectively to the tillering stage; 66% to the elongation period respectively. 68%, 74%; 10%, 6%, 8% to maturity. It indicates that there should be sufficient nutrient supply in the early stage of sugarcane growth to promote root development, early tillering and multi-tillering, and increase the effective stem number of sugarcane. In the middle stage of sugarcane growth (elongation period), sugarcane grows rapidly and needs to absorb a large amount of nutrients, showing a significant peak of fertilizer absorption. At this time, the nutrient supply should be sufficient, otherwise it will directly affect the sugarcane production.
Fertilization technology
1, apply enough base fertilizer
The base fertilizer should be based on organic fertilizer, and it can be used together with chemical fertilizers to create good conditions for rapid growth of sugarcane buds, root elongation and tillering. Generally, 1500-2000 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the acre, and 20-30 kg of general-purpose compound fertilizer (15-15-15) is used. When applied, spring planting cane planting ditch, applying organic fertilizer to the bottom of the ditch, and then applying inorganic fertilizer on both sides of the ditch; winter planting cane will cover the organic fertilizer, then add a layer of soil.
2, early application of seedlings
The sugarcane seedling stage requires less fertilizer but requires fertilizer, and the demand for nitrogen is large, followed by potassium and phosphorus. Early application of seedling fertilizer not only promotes the growth of sugarcane seedlings and roots, but also promotes the growth of leaves, so that the leaf area is continuously expanded, and the photosynthesis is increased, thereby promoting the early growth of tillers; if the application of fertilizer is insufficient, the growth of seedlings and pupa will be short, and dysplasia will occur. Even if the fertilizer is added later, it is difficult to recover, eventually leading to a decline in yield and quality. It is recommended to use high-nitrogen compound fertilizer for seedling fertilizer. When the sugarcane seedling grows to 3-4 leaves, apply 8-10 kg of compound fertilizer per acre. When applying, it is advisable to combine the cultivating and cultivating soil directly into the hole, or apply it to the water hole. When it is dry, it should be applied to the water hole. In addition, it is necessary to check the lack of seedlings in time to make the group grow tidy.
3, steady application of attack fertilizer
The split fertilizer should be determined according to the specific situation. If the base fertilizer and the seedling fertilizer are sufficient, and the seedlings are strong, they can be applied once at the peak of the tillering period, and the amount of fertilizer should be less; if the base fertilizer is insufficient, the seedling fertilizer is not enough, and the seedlings are weak, the amount of fertilizer should be increased and applied twice. . At the beginning of the tillering, to promote the tillering, called attacking manure. Once applied at the peak of the tillering period, it is guaranteed to be strong and strong. The tiller fertilizer is generally applied with high-nitrogen and high-potassium compound fertilizer, and the application of 8-15 kg per mu is the same as that of the seedling fertilizer, and the soil is 10-12 cm high.
4, re-application of fertilizer
The attacking stem fertilizer is the key to increasing sugarcane production. It must be re-applied. The main fertilizer is applied to the nitrogen fertilizer. Generally, it is applied twice in the initial stage of elongation and the peak of elongation. Each time, 15-20 kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and combined with cultivating large-scale soil to promote the growth of sugarcane root, enhance absorption function and enhance anti-backforce. If the early stage of phosphorus and potassium is insufficient, it should be supplemented so that it can achieve the maximum growth without reducing the sugar content and yield due to excessive nitrogen fertilizer.
5, supplement the tail fertilizer
In order to promote and maintain the late growth, it is conducive to raising the cane buds in the lower part of the earth, and to lay a good foundation for the roots of the next year, it should be supplemented with a strong tail fertilizer. Generally, about 5-8 kg of compound fertilizer per mu is used in about two months before maturity. The application time should not be too late, and the dosage should not be too much, so as to avoid delaying maturation and lowering the sugar content, and then applying the soil after application.
If there is a phenomenon of de-fertilization in the first month before harvest, it is necessary to carry out foliar spray fertilizer, using potassium dihydrogen phosphate 4 per mu, mixing 0.5 kg of urea with 100 kg of water and spraying.
Fertilization points
1. When topdressing, it is necessary to combine cultivating and cultivating soil, fertilizing and covering soil to prevent fertilizer loss.
2. According to the growth of the seedlings, adjust the amount of fertilizer.
3. The effect of topdressing after rain is better.
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