Cultivation techniques for winter and spring eggplant in greenhouse!
Seeding
For early-maturing or mid-maturing varieties, seedlings can be planted from late November to early December with a seedling age of more than 90 days. If the seedlings are nursed by electric hotbed or seeded in winter warm greenhouses, the seedling age can be shortened to 70-80 days, that is, the sowing period can be postponed to the middle and late December. The morphological index of the seedlings of the appropriate age is the beginning of the bud.
2. Colonization
The suitable temperature index for eggplant colonization is that the temperature of 10 cm in the greenhouse is stable between 12 and 15 °C. The arched circular greenhouse is covered by a single-layer plastic film, and the planting period is in late March; the arched circular greenhouse adopts multi-layer protection cover or single-slope Spring-use greenhouse, single slope without rear roof greenhouse, and the planting period can be advanced to 2 From the end of the month to the beginning of March.
Before planting, try to open the film shed in advance to increase the temperature inside the shed. In the greenhouse where there is a former crop, it is necessary to simmer early, and the old shed should be fumigated and disinfected.
After the shed is smashed, it is necessary to carry out deep ploughing, combined with the application of the base fertilizer, and ridge cultivation. The method of soil preparation, application of base fertilizer and ridge ridges, and specifications are the same as those for wintering cultivation.
3. Management after planting
(1) Management of slow seedling stage The low ground temperature after planting is the main limiting factor affecting the growth and development of eggplant. The shed temperature should be increased within 10~15 days after planting. In the daytime, the temperature of the shed can reach 30 °C or above, and the temperature of the shed is used to promote the temperature rise. At this time, the wind should be ventilated in the afternoon for a short time, but the door wind should not be placed, and the bottom wind should not be placed. It is necessary to strengthen the loose soil, increase the ground temperature and promote hair roots. Single-slope sheds and multi-layer covered sheds should pay attention to the early cover and opaque coverings, which must be tightly insulated and fully glazed.
(2) After the results of the management of the early stage of the eggplant, in order to strive for early maturity and high yield to improve the early yield, we should pay attention to the preservation of flowers and fruits, and promote the growth of branches and leaves, and build a high-yield skeleton. At this stage, we should pay attention to the temperature adjustment of the shed and strengthen the ventilation management. The shed temperature of 28~30°C is maintained for more than 5 hours during the day, the ventilation is started when the shed temperature reaches 32°C, and the vent is closed when the temperature drops below 25°C. Also pay attention to adjust the relationship between plant growth and results, remove all lateral branches below the first branch, such as double-drying, and timely remove excess lateral buds. And after the fruit of the eggplant, the soil is properly cultivated, about 10 cm in height, to promote hair roots and prevent lodging. The water management in the early stage of eggplant should be dominated by control, with less irrigation and more loose soil, especially during the flowering period of the eggplant, the soil moisture should not be too high, otherwise it is easy to fall and fall. When the stalk grows to the size of the walnut, it is topdressed and irrigated. 20 kg of urea per mu or 1000 kg of excrement. In the case of irrigation, in order to prevent the early ground temperature from falling, it is possible to adopt a sunny morning irrigation and a furrow irrigation method. In order to preserve the fruit, 2,4-D squid can be used at a concentration of 20 mg/L (20 ppm).
(3) After the fruitful period of management, the greenhouse has entered a high temperature period. In order to prevent high temperature damage, the ventilation should be increased. The film under the shoulder can be rolled up. When the night temperature is not lower than 17 °C, close the sunroof, stay up all night. In order to strengthen and color the photosynthesis of eggplant, the film on the top of the greenhouse can be removed after June. During the fruiting period, large fat water is required to ensure fruit development. Water can be poured every 5~6 days, and once every two waters. It is best to use fertilizer and organic fertilizer alternately. In the fruiting period, the old leaves and yellow leaves of the base can be knocked off, and the ventilation and light transmission conditions can be improved, so that the nutrients can concentrate on the fruit and promote fruit growth.
4. Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests
In the middle and late stages of growth, the winter and spring eggplants in greenhouses have high temperature and high humidity due to rising temperatures, so pests and diseases occur. The main diseases are plague, brown streak, etc.; the main pests are aphids, sassafras, whitefly, etc., and timely prevention and control. The prevention and treatment of diseases is first of all to manage the temperature and humidity in the shed, especially the temperature control. The occurrence of these diseases is not directly related to the excessive humidity in the shed. The method of controlling the humidity in the shed is mainly to do the ventilation and drainage of the greenhouse, especially the ventilation after watering.
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