Common emergency rescue knowledge (1)

The basic knowledge of emergency rescue at the construction site includes basic knowledge of emergency rescue, first aid knowledge, trauma and rescue knowledge, first aid knowledge about poisoning and heat stroke, and emergency first aid measures for infectious diseases. Understanding and mastering these basic basic knowledge of first aid is a good part of our safety work. An important content.

First, basic knowledge of emergency rescue

1. The emergency rescue personnel of major accidents shall undergo special training. The emergency rescue of the accident must be carried out in an organized and planned manner: It is forbidden to blindly rescue and cause greater harm without knowing the circumstances of the accident.

2. Basic tasks for accident emergency rescue:

(1) Elimination of harmful consequences, and good site restoration. (2) Find out the cause of the accident and assess the extent of the damage. (3) Immediately organize the rescue of the victim, organize an evacuation or take other measures to protect other personnel in the area. (4) Quickly control the state of affairs, and conduct inspections on the hazards caused by accidents, and monitor the hazardous areas, nature of hazards, and damage levels of the accidents. Second, the first-aid knowledge of electric shock The life of an electric shocker can be rescued, in the vast majority of cases depending on whether quickly from the power supply and the correct implementation of artificial respiration and cardiac massage, delay time, slow movement or improper rescue, may cause casualties .

3. The construction enterprise shall establish an enterprise-level major accident emergency rescue system and a major accident rescue plan.

4. The construction project shall establish an emergency rescue system for the major accidents of the project and a plan for major accident rescue: When the general contracting for the construction is implemented, the accident preplan for the general contractor shall be the main project, and each subcontracting team shall also have its own accident rescue plan.

Second, the basic knowledge of emergency rescue According to the condition of the person who receives the electric shock, carry on the simple diagnosis, and deal with separately:

(1) The patient is conscious, but feels weak, dizzy, palpitations, cold, and even nausea or vomiting. Such patients should be allowed to rest quietly on the spot, feel a light burden on the heart, and speed up recovery: When the situation is serious, Li Zhen should be sent to the hospital for examination and treatment.

(2) The patient's breathing and heartbeat are still present, but his consciousness is unconscious. At this point, the patient should lie on his back, and the surrounding air must be circulated, and he should keep warm: In addition to close observation, he must also prepare for artificial respiration and cardiac squeezing.

(3) If the patient is found to be in a "dead-dead" state upon examination, immediate symptomatic treatment should be performed for different types of "dead-dead": if breathing stops, use mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration to maintain gas exchange: if the heart stops beating, Artificial heart compression in vitro is used to maintain blood circulation.

(4) The mouth-to-mouth artificial assessment method: the patient supine, loosen the clothing one by one to clean up the patient's oral obstruction, one by one, the patient's nostrils turned upside down, the head leaned back one by one and put on a mouthful of breath, one by one, let go of the mouth and nose for good ventilation, so repeated This is done by blowing 12 times per minute, that is, blowing every 5 seconds.

(5) Extracorporeal heart extrusion: The patient is placed on the hard plate of the patient and the rescuer (palm) holds the patient's chest in one hand and pushes it down one by one. 60 times in minutes, once per second.

(6) Sometimes the patient's heartbeat and breathing are stopped, but when there is only one person in the emergency, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and external heart-positioning must be performed at the same time. At this time, two breaths of gas can be blown first, and immediately squeezed 15 times, and then Blow twice again, squeeze again, and alternately.

1, from the power method

(l) In the event of an electric shock, when there is a power switch and a current latch near the accident, the power switch can be turned on immediately or the latch can be dialed out: However, a common switch (such as a pull switch, a single-pole push button switch, etc.) can only be broken by one wire. It is not always necessary to turn off the phase line, so it cannot be considered that the power supply has been cut off.

(2) For high-voltage electric shock, immediately notify the relevant department of the blackout.

(3) When the high-voltage power is cut off, wear insulated gloves, put on insulated shoes, and use a voltage-rated insulating tool to open the switch.

(4) When an electric wire touches the human body and causes an electric shock and cannot be disconnected from the power supply by other methods, the insulated wire (such as a dry wooden stick, bamboo pole, insulating glove, etc.) can be used to remove the electric wire from the power supply.

(5) If necessary, use an insulated tool (such as an electrician's pliers with an insulated handle, a wooden handle, etc.) to cut the wire to cut off the power.

(6) The secondary damage caused by the human body after it is disconnected from the power supply should be prevented, such as falling and falling at high places.

Third, the traumatic wounded knowledge is divided into open trauma and closed trauma. Open wound refers to the damage of the skin or mucous membranes, common are: abrasions, cuts, lacerations, stab wounds, avulsion, burns; closed trauma refers to the damage of the internal tissues of the human body, and there is no damage to the skin and mucous membranes. Common: bruises, crush injuries.

1, open wound treatment

(1) Wash and sterilize wounds, use normal saline and alcohol tampon to clean the mud and sand stains on the wound and surrounding skin, and use clean gauze to absorb water and ooze blood, and then use alcohol and other drugs for preliminary disinfection. In the absence of disinfection, rinse the wound with clean water, preferably with running tap water, and then dry the wound with a clean cloth or dressing.

(2) Hemostasis: For wounds with more than bleeding, timely and effective hemostasis can have a greater impact on the lives of the wounded. During on-site treatment, different methods of hemostasis should be used depending on the type and location of the bleeding: direct compression - direct application of the palm of the hand through the dressing to the entire area of ​​the open wound on the body surface; elevation of the limb - for hands, arms, Open wounds with severe hemorrhage in the leg should be elevated, causing the injured limb to rise above the level of the heart: oppression of the blood supply artery - severe bleeding from the arm and leg wounds, if the application of direct compression and elevation of the limbs does not stop the bleeding, it is necessary The use of compression points to stop bleeding techniques: bandaging - the use of bandages, towels, cloth and other materials to stop bleeding, protect the wound and reduce light pain.

(3) First aid for burns should first remove the burn source, transfer the wounded to the air circulation as soon as possible, wrap the wounded surface with clean clothes, and prevent recontamination; on the spot, except that the chemical burn can be flushed with plenty of clean water, Usually, no treatment is performed on the wounds, and as far as possible, the blisters are not broken and the epidermis is protected.

2. Closed wound treatment

(1) Lighter closed trauma, such as local contusion and subcutaneous hemorrhage, can be applied coldly at the site of injury to prevent further tissue swelling and reduce subcutaneous bleeding.

(2) If you find that a person falls or falls from a height, you should carefully check the head, neck, chest, abdomen, limbs, back and spine to see if there is swelling, bruising, local pressure, bone, Other internal injuries such as friction sound, if the above situation occurs, the second can not be donated to the patient to move, need to be carried in accordance with the correct handling methods; otherwise, may cause damage to the patient's nerves, blood vessels and aggravate the condition. The commonly used methods of transportation on the site are: stretcher handling method - when carrying the stretcher, the head of the wounded person should be headed backwards so that the person behind the stretcher can observe the change at any time: single hand-handling method - lightly injured can support Go, seriously injured can let it fall on the back of the first aider, his hands crossed around the neck hanging down, the first aider with his hands from the wounded in the thighs holding the wounded.

(3) If there is suspicion of internal injuries, the wounded should be treated as early as possible: transport the injured person to take a lying position, be careful handling, pay attention to keep the airway open, and pay attention to prevent shock. (4) In the course of transportation, if sudden respiratory or cardiac arrest occurs, first-aid resuscitation and extracorporeal cardiac compression should be performed immediately.